Developing a Simulation-Embedded E-Module for Projectile Motion Using Google Sites: An ADDIE-Based Study on Physics Learning Effectiveness

Ichwatul Mudzaida; Rufi’i Rufi’i; Reza Rachmadtullah

doi:10.35445/alishlah.v18i2.9705

Developing a Simulation-Embedded E-Module for Projectile Motion Using Google Sites: An ADDIE-Based Study on Physics Learning Effectiveness

Ichwatul Mudzaida, Rufi’i Rufi’i, Reza Rachmadtullah

Abstract

Projectile motion is a conceptually challenging topic because students must coordinate vector decomposition, kinematic reasoning, and multiple representations. Although simulations and e-modules have been widely adopted in physics education, evidence remains limited regarding teacher-maintainable, web-based modules that integrate simulations within a structured instructional framework. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a simulation-embedded e-module for projectile motion using Google Sites and the ADDIE instructional design model.A research and development approach was employed following the ADDIE stages: Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. The product was validated by three experts in physics content, instructional design, and language. Practicality was assessed through questionnaires administered to 36 students and one physics teacher. Effectiveness was examined using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control-group design involving 72 senior high school students, with 36 students in the treatment group and 36 in the control group.Expert evaluation indicated that the e-module achieved a very high level of validity (M = 3.68/4.00). Student practicality ratings were also very high (M = 3.57/4.00), while teacher evaluation confirmed strong classroom feasibility (M = 3.75/4.00). The treatment group demonstrated significantly higher posttest achievement and normalized gain than the control group (p < .01), with moderate-to-large effect sizes (Hedges’ g = 0.68–0.79).The findings suggest that integrating simulations within a structured Google Sites e-module can enhance conceptual understanding of projectile motion by supporting guided inquiry, multi-representational learning, and immediate visual feedback. The study highlights the potential of Google Sites as an accessible, low-code platform for scalable and teacher-maintainable physics learning resources.

Keywords

projectile motion; Google Sites; e-module; simulation-based learning; physics education

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v18i2.9705