Development of an Instrument for Assessing Scientific Process Skills in the Vertebrate Zoology Course for Trainee Biology Teachers

Muhamad Kurnia Sugandi; Saiful Ridlo; Dyah Rini Indriyanti; Sri Ngabekti

doi:10.35445/alishlah.v18i2.9839

Development of an Instrument for Assessing Scientific Process Skills in the Vertebrate Zoology Course for Trainee Biology Teachers

Muhamad Kurnia Sugandi, Saiful Ridlo, Dyah Rini Indriyanti, Sri Ngabekti

Abstract

Science process skills (SPS) are fundamental competencies for prospective biology teachers because they support scientific inquiry, critical thinking, and evidence-based problem-solving. However, contextualized and psychometrically validated assessment instruments for measuring SPS in Vertebrate Zoology remain limited. This study aimed to develop and validate an essay-based SPS assessment instrument for the Pisces superclass.This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design using Thiagarajan’s 4D model. The instrument was developed through the stages of define, design, and develop and was evaluated with 80 prospective biology teachers from two Indonesian universities. Content validity was established through expert judgment using Aiken’s V, while construct validity, reliability, item difficulty, and item functioning were analyzed using the Rasch measurement model with Winsteps software.The findings indicate that the instrument demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties. Most items achieved acceptable content validity (Aiken’s V > 0.70), while Rasch analysis confirmed that 15 of the 17 essay items met the construct validity criteria. The instrument demonstrated adequate person reliability (0.67) and high item reliability (0.91), with item difficulty distributed across a broad range of student abilities and no evidence of item bias.The developed instrument is a valid and reliable tool for assessing science process skills in Vertebrate Zoology and offers a contextualized approach to authentic assessment in biology teacher education. Further validation involving larger and more diverse samples and additional biology topics is recommended to strengthen its generalizability and psychometric robustness.

Keywords

science process skills; instrument development; Rasch model; vertebrate zoology; biology teacher education

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v18i2.9839